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Create modern Web sites using HTML5 and CSS3. Before you start. This tutorial assumes some basic experience with HTML, CSS, and. Java. Script. It assumes that you are aware of what an HTML element or. HTML markup, the. Web page, and so on. In terms of CSS, you are. ID- based selectors. CSS property, and how to include CSS in your Web pages. Finally, it is assumed that you. Java. Script, such as what a variable. Java. Script code in your Web pages. If you feel that you need to brush. Resources section for some useful. HTML, CSS, and Java. Script development. About this tutorial. Over the past ten years or so, concepts such as Web 2. Rich Internet. Applications (RIAs), and the Semantic Web have all pushed HTML, CSS, and. Java. Script to and beyond their limits, often relying on plug- ins such. Adobe. The Adobe Flex. Microsoft. With HTML5, however, the markup language. D drawing API, and a host of new. APIs, all provided with the intent of proving. HTML, CSS, and Java. Script can provide a rich front end to your. Web sites and applications. HTML5 is widely regarded as one of the most important new technologies. March of this year. For many years, the Web has relied on external. Web browser, particularly in terms of 2. D drawing, animation, and. The latest versions of the HTML and CSS specification aim. Java. Script. required (or removing the need for Java. Script entirely, in some cases). The code presented. Any. features that are currently browser- specific will be clearly. To ensure that you can experience all of. Web browsers on your system when developing. HTML5 and CSS3 applications: You do not need any specific software to write HTML and CSS code; any. Notepad, vi, emacs, and so on.) In. Web server. or upload the files to a Web hosting service. Back to top. New features in HTML5. In this section, you will discover some of the great new features that. HTML5 has to offer. You will first learn about the new semantic. Web. page: headers, footers, navigation bars, side bars, and so forth. Next. you will learn about the important new < canvas> element. D drawing Java. Script APIs that you can use to create shapes. Following this, you will see. Web's current dependency on Flash as a. Next, you will be introduced to the. APIs and offline applications support that will further. Web applications in line with their desktop counterparts in. Internet. This section is wrapped up with a brief overview of the. APIs that are proposed in the. HTML5 specification. Semantic elements. The HTML5 specification includes a series of new semantic elements that. Web page, such as a header, footer, navigation, and so on. In previous. versions of HTML, you would typically use < div> elements. ID or class attributes to differentiate. The problem with this is that this has no. IDs are to be used, making it extremely difficult. HTML5. should help alleviate these issues, making it easier for Web browsers. It is worth pointing out that continuing to use. HTML5 is perfectly valid, but in order to future- proof. On the other side of the coin, it is also suggested that you. A footer does not have to be. This is a container for the primary navigation links on a Web. This element is not intended for use with all groups of. If you. have a < footer> element that contains navigation. The < article> element is used to define an. Such items are. typically syndicated using RSS feeds.< section> This element represents a section of a document or application. For. example, the section you are reading now could be surrounded by a. HTML5. The header for the section you are reading now would. An example of this might be advertising blocks. This. tutorial, for example, has the title . The element has. been standardized and included in the HTML5 specification, along with. D drawing APIs that can be used to create shapes, text. Many believe that the < canvas> element is one of the most. HTML5 as it facilitates the production of graphs. Adobe Flash. The < canvas> element itself is quite basic, defining the. ID for the object. The developer must then. Java. Script APIs to actually draw objects on the. Web page has finished rendering. These APIs. allow the developer to draw shapes and lines; apply color, opacity, and. The APIs also allow the < canvas> to be. Web applications on. You will see an example of the < canvas>. HTML5/CSS3 Web site later in this. Playing < audio>. In recent years, the popularity of video sharing sites such as You. Tube. and content delivery platforms like Hulu has seen a huge explosion in. Web for multimedia streaming. Unfortunately, the Web. Flash Video (. flv) file format and the Adobe Flash platform. HTML5, however, includes support for two new elements. Web. developers to include multimedia content without relying on the user. Several browsers. Mozilla Firefox, Apple Safari, and Google Chrome, have begun. In addition, a set of. Java. Script APIs has been provided to allow developers to. A key. advantage to native multimedia playback is that it theoretically. CPU resources, which can lead to energy savings. A key issue with these new multimedia elements, however, is the file. Mozilla and Opera want to use the open source Theora video. Web browser. On the other hand, Apple. Google are not happy with the quality of Theora, particularly for. HD) content on the likes of You. Tube. The MP3 and AAC formats are restricted by patents. Vorbis format is not. The problem with Vorbis audio is. There are many decisions to be made about HTML5 < video>. In the meantime, you can try to support all. Flash video as a fallback. Let's hope that a final decision. Again, you will see the < video> element in action later. Local storage and offline. Web developers have traditionally used cookies to store information on. Web page to read this. While cookies are very useful for. Web browsers are. Web server or more than. KB of data per cookie (including both name and value). In addition. they are sent to the Web server with every HTTP request, which is a. HTML5 provides a solution for these problems with the Local Storage. APIs, which are covered in a separate specification to the main HTML5. This set of APIs allows developers to store information on. In addition, the information is. HTTP request. The specification. Web sites from. reading or changing data stored by other Web sites. Most browsers store Web pages in local cache, allowing them to be. This works fine for static pages. Gmail, Facebook, or Twitter. HTML5 provides. support for offline applications, where the browser downloads all the. Internet. Web form enhancements. If you have created Web applications before, you are more than likely. HTML's set of form controls, some of which are. In HTML 4, the. following input types were supported: buttoncheckboxfilehiddenimagepasswordresetradiosubmittext. In addition, there are some other elements that are used in forms such. These form. controls provide plenty of function for basic form fields such as. But, the Web as a platform has grown far beyond the stage where. HTML forms are used to submit contact forms—now they are used to. As a result, Web. In order to tap into these types of controls, developers needed to use. Java. Script library that provided UI components, or else. Adobe Flex, Microsoft. Silverlight, or Java. FX. HTML5 aims to fill some of the gaps left by its. At the moment, support for these new form fields is quite limited. The. Mobile Safari browser on the i. Phone makes use of some of these new. Also, Opera provides some new widgets for many of these. The most widely available type of. Opera, Safari, and Google Chrome. In addition to these new input types, HTML5 also supports two major new. The first of these is autofocus, which tells. Java. Script code to do so. The. second enhancement is the placeholder attribute, which allows the. An example of this would be a. The placeholder attribute allows the developer to. An example of this is shown in. Figure 1. Figure 1. The placeholder. attribute in action. As Figure 1 shows, the placeholder text for e- mail address and. This screenshot also shows an example of a range input. Safari browser. This. Web page discussed later in this. Other new features. HTML5 includes so many new features; it's impossible to cover them all. This section provides a brief overview of some of. Web worker. This allows Java. Script code to be set to run in a background. The chief benefit that Web workers offer developers. Geolocation. HTML5 includes a geolocation API that allows a Web application to. GPS on a cellphone). If you do not have a device that. Phone or an Android 2. Firefox and download a plug- in that. Drag and Drop. Another interesting feature is the inclusion of a drag and drop. API. Up until now, implementation of drag and drop without. Java. Script or the use. Java. Script library such as script. Cross- document messaging. This allows documents in different windows (and iframes, for that. This feature. could prove very useful for the development of widgets and. Web. page's server (similar to Facebook applications). And more. Other new features introduced by HTML5 include MIME types and. Web applications can be. Java. Script framework. Web. developers' lives easier. Back to top. New features in CSS3. This section introduces you to the new features that can be found in. CSS level 3 specifications—including new CSS. It also shows many of the effects that CSS3. GIF, JPG, or PNG. Such effects. include drop shadows on text and boxes, rounded corners on borders, and. Many of these. features (such as opacity and rounded corners) are relatively. Web browsers. Next, you will learn about the new multicolumn. CSS3. These layouts are a throwback. Another feature. that will be discussed is the issue of including non- standard Web. Finally, some of the other new CSS3. HSL (Hue, Saturation. Lightness) and RGBA (Red, Green, Blue, and Alpha) color models. New selectors. A CSS selector refers to the manner in which HTML element(s) are styled. For example, to put a border around all. Or you can use the pseudo- class. With CSS3, even more new.
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